PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.